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The alarm clock, it would seem, is a cruel instrument, designed to jolt us from our most peaceful state, to end our dreams, to thrust us without warning into the busy, waking world. When we set our morning alarm, it invariably means we have a job to do. “Work is a necessity for man,” observed Pablo Picasso. “Man invented the alarm clock.”

The earliest mechanical clocks, traced to (roughly) 14th-century Europe, were nothing but alarms — faceless, hands-less objects that sounded a bell at a designated hour. Today you can get alarm clocks that yield almost any noise: your favorite morning DJ, a pre-programmed tune, a knocking sound. One company’s “moonbeam alarm” wakes you with a flashing light. The Zen alarm sounds a single, steady chime. Another clock emits a rooster’s call. (If not for the needy hen, might not the alarm clock have long ago rendered the barnyard cock obsolete?)

Yet nothing remains more popular than the classic brr-ii-ii-ing, that tinny, optimistic jingle that forces you to rise but also urges you to shine. The trilling timepiece lends order to our lives — Ambrose Bierce defined oblivion as “a dormitory without an alarm clock”— and as such it is perhaps not so cruel after all, at least not to the happy life. The morning ring tells us that we are receiving the most precious of all gifts to savor and to seize: another day.


Origins: More than 1,500 years ago, when candles were used to measure time, nails would be put into the wax. When enough wax melted, the nail fell onto a tin pan or plate, making a clatter.
U.S. Innovator: In 1787, Levi Hutchins, a New Hampshire clockmaker who believed firmly in getting to work early, designed a clock that rang once every day — at 4 a.m.
Breakthrough: In the late 1950s, the snooze button was created, allowing reluctant risers to sleep a bit longer. It was billed as “the world’s most humane alarm clock.”
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